伊朗法尔斯省Poshtband地区植物的生活型和地理分布

在Postband地区(27°58′4″-28°2′16″N,53°17′34″-53°22′30″E),辨别植物种、植物多样性、生活型及地中海气候、Irano-Torunian和撒哈拉-新店相关植物种。2008年6月至2006年12月间,调查和辨认了29个科,69个属,总计95个种。就物种频度而言,菊科和禾本科是重要的科。按照Raunkiaer's生活型谱系统和利用■2检测,生活型谱表明,年生植物、地面芽植物、高位芽植物、地上芽植物和陷芽植物分别占据全部植物种的47%、31%、12%、7%和3%。在地理分布上,Irano-Torunia地区,拥有最高的频度的29%的物种。结果表明,一年生植物比生活型基准群谱高;高位芽植物比生活型基准群谱低,这与在干旱地区的研究数据相一致。图1表4参50。     

Optimization of fiber distribution in spunbond non-woven structure

The mechanical properties of thin spunbond tissues depend on the distribution of fibers in tissues structure. The optimum fiber distribution leads to the fiber mass uniformity spreading in the tissue structure. The present research defines an optimum model of fiber distribution in the tissue structure by using genetic algorithm. To find the applicability of the presented optimization method, some samples have been prepared from Polypropylene fibers (1.5 Den). The mechanical tests have been performed on tissue samples. The results confirmed that the developed model using genetic algorithm can be applied as a reliable method to determine optimum fiber distribution strongly.     

Gill histopathological characteristics of Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) fingerlings treated with potassium permanganate and formalin

The aim of this study was to determine the gill histopathological characteristics of Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) fingerlings exposed to different concentrations of potassium permanganate (PM) and formalin (FO). The fish were exposed to different PM and FO concentrations over different periods: 1 ppm PM for 24 h (1‐P24), 2 ppm PM for 24 h (2‐P24), 5 ppm PM for 0.5 h (5‐P0.5), 10 ppm PM for 0.5 h (10‐P0.5), 10 ppm FO for 24 h (10‐F24), 20 ppm FO for 24 h (20‐F24), 40 ppm FO for 0.5 h (40‐F0.5) and 80 ppm FO for 0.5 h (80‐F0.5). After exposure, gill samples were collected for histological examination. The most frequent gill histopathological symptoms were hyperplasia and epithelial lifting. The order of the gill injury index (I_g.i) among the treatments was as follow: 1‐P24, 2‐P24 < 5‐P0.5, 40‐F0.5 < 10‐F24 < 10‐P0.5, 20‐F24, 80‐F0.5. Comparing the two agents, it is concluded that there is no significant difference in the gill damages between the agents during the short‐bath treatments. However, PM causes less pathological symptoms than FO during the long‐bath treatments. Comparing the bath durations, the agents showed different behaviours. PM‐treated fish showed significantly lower gill damage during the long‐bath compared to the short‐bath treatment; whereas, pathological symptoms of FO‐treated fish was dose‐dependent for each exposure period, separately. Overall, exposure of Caspian roach to PM, at the concentrations recommended for long bath, resulted in milder gill damages compared to FO.     

Physiological,ionoregulatory, metabolic and immune responses of Persian sturgeon,Acipenser persicus (Borodin, 1897) to stress

The physiological ionoregulatory, metabolic and immune responses of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, to acute stress were investigated. Water levels were lowered to the fish dorsal scutes, and fish were blood‐sampled before stress (pre‐stress), and 0, 6, 24 and 72 h after stress. Results showed that serum cortisol rapidly increased after stress, returning to initial levels at 24 h. Serum glucose significantly increased at 6 h, declining to the pre‐stress levels at 72 h. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol showed significant decreases at 0 h, then increasing to higher than the initial levels at 72 h. Serum T₃ and T₄ significantly decreased at 0 h and recovered at 72 h. Serum chloride levels showed no significant changes while serum calcium showed a significant increase at 0 h and a further increase until 72 h poststress. Serum total protein and alternative complement activity showed a significant initial decrease and recovery at 24 h with further increase at 72 h. Serum lysozyme activity increased significantly at 24 and 72 h after stress. Serum total immunoglobulin significantly increased at 0 h and peaked at 24 h. This is the first work showing thyroid hormone and immunological responses in Persian sturgeon subjected to stress, and the results show that this species follows a classical hormonal and energetic stress response, although, in the low range among the sturgeons. Although transient and moderate, confinement stress can induce significant changes in the innate immune response.     

Effect of short‐term treatment with potassium permanganate on stress markers and blood biochemistry in goldfish Carassius auratus

Potassium permanganate (PM) is a therapeutic agent in aquaculture with strong oxidant properties. In this study, the effects of potassium permanganate treatment (PMT) on stress response and blood biochemistry were investigated in goldfish Carassius auratus. Two triplicate groups of fish were exposed to either 10 mg L^?1 PM or clean water, over 30 min. Blood samples were collected at 0 and 0.5 h after exposure as well as 3 and 24 h. PMT caused significant increase in serum cortisol and glucose levels, 0.5 h post exposure, which stayed elevated until 24 h. Sodium decreased after exposure and did not return to initial levels. Chloride decreased at 0.5 and 3 h, but returned to initial levels at 24 h. Calcium decreased at 0.5 h and returned to initial at 3 h, but significantly increased at 24 h. Total protein, albumin and globulin levels increased at 3 h and stayed elevated until 24 h. Albumin:globulin ratio (A:G) levels decreased at 24 h post exposure. Results indicated that short‐term PMT caused stress response, hydromineral imbalance and possibly change in blood protein profile in goldfish, which lasted until 24 h post treatment.     

Modulation of antioxidant defense and immune response in zebra fish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Danio rerio</Emphasis>) using dietary sodium propionate

The present study explores the effect of dietary sodium propionate on mucosal immune response and expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in zebra fish (Danio rerio). Six hundred healthy zebra fish (0.42 ± 0.06 g) supplied, randomly stocked in 12 aquariums and fed on basal diets supplemented with different levels of sodium propionate [0 (control), 5, 10 and 20 g kg^?1] for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, mucosal immune parameters (TNF-α, IL-1β, Lyz), antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT) as well as heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression were measured. The results revealed feeding on sodium propionate significantly up-regulated inflammatory response genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, Lyz) in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). However, antioxidant enzyme genes significantly down-regulated in the treated group compared with control (P < 0.05). Also, HSP70 gene expression was higher in the liver of fish fed the basal diet and deceased with elevation of sodium propionate levels in the diet. These results showed beneficial effects of dietary sodium propionate on mucosal immune response as well as the antioxidant defense of zebra fish.     

Gas Separation Polysulfone Membranes Modified by Cadmium-based Nanoparticles

This paper presents new mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) synthesized via incorporating hexamethylenetetramine dicyanamide cadmium nanoparticles, a metal organic framework (MOF), into the polysulfone (PSF) matrix. The MMMs are characterized using FTIR and SEM analyses, and their gas permeation properties are evaluated at different MOF loadings and various pressures. The results show that the nanoparticle is compatible with the polymer and distributes homogenously in the matrix. Compared to the pristine PSF membrane, the MMM with 2.5 wt. % of the MOF nanoparticles has lower CO₂, CH₄, N₂ and O₂ permeabilities but significantly higher CO₂/CH₄, CO₂/N₂ and O₂/N₂ gas pair selectivities (i.e., 41.66, 20.08 and 5.09, respectively, which are 42.6, 61.6 and 60.02 % higher). As the total pressure increases, the gas permeabilities of the pristine PSF membrane and the MMMs decrease, but their sieving abilities increase. These results suggest that gas selectivities of high free-volume polymers with poor sieving abilities can be improved by incorporating the MOF into the polymer.     

Growth performance,survival, body composition,hematological parameters,intestinal histomorphology,and digestive enzymes’ activity in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed dietary Immunogen®

The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Immunogen® supplementation on juvenile rainbow trout, where 120 fish (81.7 ± 2.23 g) were fed diets supplemented with either 0.0 (control) or 2 g Immunogen® kg^?1 for 7 weeks. The fish fed the Immunogen®-supplemented diet showed an improvement in growth performance, feed utilization, and protein efficiency ratio and a decrease in feed conversion ratio. The fish fed the Immunogen®-supplemented diet showed higher body protein content. There were no significant differences in red blood cell count, eosinophil, or lymphocyte between the treatments. However, white blood cells, neutrophil, and monocyte were higher in the fish fed fish with the Immunogen®-supplemented diet. Supplementation of Immunogen® has increased villi height and tunica muscularis thickness as well as gut protease and lipase activities. The present study revealed that supplementation of Immunogen® can improve intestinal morphology and increase digestive enzyme activity and consequently increase trout growth and feed efficiency.     

Dieback and decline of wild almond (Amygdalus scoparia Spach) in the Harat protected forest of Yazd Province,Iran

Wild almond (Amygdalus scoparia) is a dominant shrub species in mountain forests of the Irano‐Turanian region. Dieback and decline symptoms of wild almond shrubs were first observed in Harat protected forest (Yazd, Iran) in the autumn of 2014. Since then, the incidence and severity of the disease have increased. To study the aetiology and estimate losses from the disease, field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017. For this purpose, eight stands were selected, in which 24%–99% of the trees were wild almond in their species composition. In total, 50 cankers and 50 infected twigs of wild almond shrubs were collected. Fungal isolates were identified based on morphological and cultural characteristics, as well as sequence data of ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2 rDNA. Pathogenicity of fungi was checked on detached shoots and evaluated after 40 days by measuring the discoloured lesion length at the inoculation site. Among 681 wild almond shrubs checked, 84.44% showed decline symptoms with different severities; only 15.56% did not show observable disease symptoms. The most frequent colonizers of infected tissues taken from cankers were Wilsonomyces carpophilus (56%), Thyrostroma cornicola (40%) and Collophorina paarla (30%). Infected twigs were extensively colonized by W. carpophilus (36%), Th. cornicola (24%) and Ulocladium consortiale (24%). Other species, such as Endoconidioma populi, Microsphaeropsis olivacea, Trichoderma asperellum, Paecilomyces formosus, Saccothecium rubi, Preussia sp. and Chaetomium globosum, had lower isolation frequencies. W. carpophilus, Th. cornicola, C. paarla and U. consortiale were found as pathogens on detached wild almond shoots. Based on the frequency of the isolates and the pathogenicity tests, four fungi, such as W. carpophilus, Th. cornicola, C. paarla and U. consortiale, are considered serious contributing agents playing a significant role in the dieback and decline of wild almond. All isolated species are reported for the first time on the wild almond shrubs of the world.     

A case of double infection with Brugia pahangi Buckley and Edeson 1956, and Dirofilaria immitis Leidy 1856, in a Malaysian clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa

A case of double infection with Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis in a clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, is presented. A brief review of filarial infections in both man and wild animals, and their medical importance is discussed.